//FinalExamProgram_AC.cpp
//Andy Cobaugh
//5-10-02
//Purpose:  Provide the amateur Tesla coil builder with a convenient way to design a Tesla coil

#include<iostream.h>
#include<ctype.h>	//needed for islower and toupper functions
#include<fstream.h>	//file I/O
#include<math.h>	//sqrt function
#include<iomanip.h>	//output formatting
#include<conio.h>	//getch() function
#include"vector.h"	//vector class for primary coil data

void display_menu(int design_done);
float toroid_capacitance(float dia, float cord);

//declare a structure that will hold specifications for a transformer
struct xfmr
	{
		float ma;			//current
		float kv;			//voltage
		float power;		//power in watts
		float matched_cap;	//matched capacitor value
		float arc_length;	//theoretical arc length
	};

//PI declared for use in calculations
double const PI = 3.14159;

int main()
{
	//*NOTE: Most variables are self-explanitory
	
	
	xfmr my_xfmr;	//declare a variable as type xfmr
	
	//variables for secondary coil
	float sec_length;
	float sec_diameter;
	float sec_wire_dia;
	float sec_turns;
	float sec_wire_length;
	float sec_frequency;

	//variables for primary coil
	float pri_sec_spacing;
	float pri_edge_to_edge;
	float pri_turns;
	float pri_wire_dia;
	float pri_wire_total;


	vector <float> pri_inductance(1);			//inductance at each turn in micro-henrys
	vector <float> pri_total_wire_length2(1);	//length of wire in each turn
	vector <float> pri_radius(1);				//radius of each turn

	float tank_cap;	//tank circuit capacitance in micro-farads
	
	//toroid variables
	float toroid_dia;
	float toroid_cord;
	float toroid_cap;

	int menu_choice;				//user's choice in beginning of program and for menu
	int sec, pri, tran, tor, cap;	//ints to keep track of what the user has done
	int design_total;				//total number of different menu options the user has selected
	int i;							//standard counter variable used for all loops
	float average_pri_radius;		//average radius used when calculating inductance
	int pri_turns2;					//turns used during each indutance calculation
	float pri_width;				//width used during each indutance calculation
	char filename[13];				//filename used for file I/O
	char user_name[80] = "";		//the user's name
	ifstream infile;				//file input pointer
	ofstream outfile;				//file output pointer
	int Ch;							//used with getch()

	//display an intro to the program and some general guidlines
	cout<<"Welcome to the Tesla Coil Designer!"<<endl<<endl;
	cout<<"This program will help you design your own Tesla coil."<<endl
		<<"The high voltage transformer is assumed to be a"<<endl
		<<"typical neon sign transformer, as the formulas"<<endl
		<<"will not give the correct results for microwave"<<endl
		<<"oven transformers, potential transformers, and"<<endl
		<<"distribution transformers.  Also, the discharge"<<endl
		<<"terminal is assumed to be in the shape of a toroid"<<endl
		<<"Finally, as with any program, the quality of the"<<endl
		<<"data is the quality of the results."<<endl
		<<endl<<"Press any key to continue."<<endl;
	
	//wait until a character is input
	Ch = getch();
	
	cin.ignore(80, '\n');	//flush input stream
	system("CLS");			//clear screen
	
	//ask if this is a new design or an old design
	cout<<"Enter (1) to start a new design or"<<endl;
	cout<<"enter (2) to open a previously"<<endl;
	cout<<"saved design."<<endl;
	cout<<endl<<"What is your choice?  ";
	
	cin>>menu_choice;
	
	//if it is an old design, open the file and store the variables
	if (menu_choice == 2)
		goto line200;

	system("CLS");	

	cin.ignore(80, '\n');	//flush input stream so it doesn't flow into the nect cin statement

	cout<<"Enter your name: ";

	cin.get(user_name, 80);		//input the user's name
	
	cin.ignore(80, '\n');		//ignore any characters after the user's name

	for (i=0; i<=80; i++)	//loop as many times as there are characters (80)
	{
		//if the current positon is the first character of a name or the first character of the string
		if((islower(user_name[i]) && user_name[i-1]== ' ') || i==0)
		{
			user_name[i] = toupper(user_name[i]);	//use the toupper function to convert the character to uppercase
		}

	}

	system("CLS");
	
	do	//continuous loop
	{
		//add up total num of different options selected
		design_total = sec + pri + tran + tor + cap;
		
		//display the menu telling it whether it will display option 6 which can only be used when design_total is 5
		display_menu(design_total);
		do
		{
			//prompt for the menu selection
			cout<<endl<<"Enter your selection:  ";
			cin>>menu_choice;
			
			//invalid selection checking
			if (menu_choice <1 || menu_choice > 9 || (menu_choice == 6 && design_total != 5))
			{	
				system("CLS");
				cout<<"Invalid Selection. Please choose another. \n\n";
				display_menu(design_total);
			}
			
		//loop as long as it takes to get a valid selection
		}while(menu_choice < 1 || menu_choice > 9 || (menu_choice == 6 && design_total != 5));
		
		switch (menu_choice)
		{
			//xfmr
			case 1:
				system("CLS");
				
				//prompt for all transformer specs
				cout<<"Transformer voltage in kilovolts (KV) : ";
				cin>>my_xfmr.kv;
			
				cout<<endl<<"Transformer current in milliamps (mA) : ";
				cin>>my_xfmr.ma;
			
				//calculate power in watts
				my_xfmr.power = my_xfmr.kv * my_xfmr.ma;	
				//calculate the matched capacitor value
				my_xfmr.matched_cap = 1/(2 * PI * (my_xfmr.kv / my_xfmr.ma) * .00006) / 1000000;
				//calculate theoretical arc length
				my_xfmr.arc_length = sqrt(my_xfmr.power) * 1.7;

				system("CLS");
				
				tran = 1;	//transformer option has been selected
				
				break;

			//secondary coil
			case 2:
				//enter all secondary coil specs
				system("CLS");
				
				cout<<"Secondary coil length in inches (in):  ";
				cin>>sec_length;
			
				cout<<endl<<"Secondary coil diameter in inches (in):  ";
				cin>>sec_diameter;

				cout<<endl<<"Diameter of wire used on secondary in inches (in):  ";
				cin>>sec_wire_dia;

				//calculate number of turns on the secondary
				sec_turns = sec_length / sec_wire_dia;
				//calculate length of wire used on secondary
				sec_wire_length = sec_turns * sec_diameter * PI / 12;
				//calculate the resonant frequency of the secondary
				sec_frequency = 300000 / (sec_turns * sec_diameter * PI * (.9144 / 36) * 4);
				
				system("CLS");
				
				sec = 1;	//secondary coil option has been selected
				
				break;

			//primary coil
			case 3:
				//enter primary coil specs
				system("CLS");
				
				cout<<"Space between bottom of secondary coil and inner turn of primary in inches (in):  ";
				cin>>pri_sec_spacing;
			
				cout<<endl<<"Primary coil wire diameter in inches (in):  ";
				cin>>pri_wire_dia;
			
				cout<<endl<<"Spacing between consecutive turns in inches (in):  ";
				cin>>pri_edge_to_edge;
			
				cout<<"Number of turns in the primary coil (whole number):  ";
				cin>>pri_turns;

				//*NOTE: Vectors are used with turn 1 being position 1
				//resize the radius and inductamce vector to the appropriate size (pri_turns)
				pri_radius.resize(pri_turns + 1);
				pri_inductance.resize(pri_turns + 1);
					
				//calculate radius at each turn and store in pri_radius
				for(i = 1; i <= pri_turns; i++)
					pri_radius[i] = (i - 1) * pri_wire_dia + sec_diameter / 2 + pri_sec_spacing + (i - 1) * pri_edge_to_edge;
			
				//calculate inductance at each turn and store in pri_inductance
				for(i = 1; i<= pri_turns; i++)
					pri_inductance[i] = ( ((pri_radius[1] + pri_radius[i]) / 2) * ((pri_radius[1] + pri_radius[i]) / 2) *  i  *  i ) / (8 * ((pri_radius[1] + pri_radius[i]) / 2) + 11 * (pri_radius[i] - sec_diameter / 2 - pri_sec_spacing));

				//calculate total wire length of primary
				for(i = 1; i<= pri_turns; i++)
					pri_wire_total = 2 * PI * pri_radius[i];
				
				system("CLS");
				
				pri = 1;	//primary coil option has been selected
				
				break;

			//tank circuit capacitor
			case 4:
				//enter primary capacitor value used
				system("CLS");
				
				cout<<"The resonant capacitor value for your transformer is "<<my_xfmr.matched_cap<<"uF."<<endl;
				cout<<endl<<"What capacitor value will you be using in micro-farads (uF):  ";
				cin>>tank_cap;
				
				system("CLS");
				
				cap = 1;	//capacitor option has been selected
				
				break;
		
			//toroid
			case 5:
				//enter dimensions of toroid used
				system("CLS");
				
				cout<<"Enter the outside diameter of your toroid in inches (in):  ";
				cin>>toroid_dia;

				cout<<endl<<"Enter the cord (cross-section) diameter of your toroid in inches (in):  ";
				cin>>toroid_cord;
				
				//call function to calculate the toroid capacitance
				toroid_cap = toroid_capacitance(toroid_dia, toroid_cord);

				system("CLS");
				
				tor = 1;	//toroid option has been selected
				
				break;

			//display results
			case 6:
				system("CLS");
				
				//format output to begin with (setpresicion is # of places to right of
				//decimal point when ios::fixed is used
				cout.setf(ios::fixed);
				cout<<setprecision(2);
								
				//display secondary coil data
				cout<<user_name<<"'s Tesla Coil: \n\n"
					<<"Secondary Coil: \n"
					<<"     Diameter: "<<sec_diameter<<" in. \n"
					<<"     Length: "<<sec_length<<" in. \n"
					<<setprecision(4)<<"     Wire Diameter: "<<sec_wire_dia<<" in. \n"
					<<setprecision(0)<<"     Number of Turns: "<<sec_turns<<endl
					<<setprecision(1)<<"     Length of Wire: "<<sec_wire_length<<" ft. \n"
					<<setprecision(2)<<"     Unloaded Frequency: "<<sec_frequency<<" KHz \n";

				//display primary coil data
				cout<<"\nPrimary Coil: "<<endl
					<<setprecision(0)<<"     Length of Wire: "<<pri_wire_total<<" ft."<<endl
					<<setprecision(3)<<"     Wire Diameter: "<<pri_wire_dia<<" in."<<endl
					<<setprecision(3)<<"     Edge to Edge Spacing: "<<pri_edge_to_edge<<" in."<<endl
					<<setprecision(3)<<"     Inside Radius: "<<sec_diameter/2 + pri_sec_spacing<<" in."<<endl
					<<"     Spacing Between Primary and Secondar Coil: "<<pri_sec_spacing<<" in."<<endl
					<<"     Outside Diameter: "<<2 * pri_radius[pri_turns]<<" in."<<endl<<endl;
				
				cout<<"Press any key to continue."<<endl;
				Ch = getch();
											
				system("CLS");

				//calculate what turn the primary should be tapped 
				//(when the inductance of the primary = the inductance of the secondary
				for(i = 1; i <= pri_turns; i++)
				{
					if (pri_inductance[i] >= ((1/(2 * PI * sec_frequency / 1000 * tank_cap)) / (2 * PI * sec_frequency / 1000)))
						break;
				}
				
				//display tapping point
				cout<<"Primary Coil tapped between turn "<<i - 1<<" and turn "<<i<<" to form a resonant"<<endl
					<<"circuit at "<<sec_frequency<<" KHz"<<endl<<endl
					<<"Inductance at each turn:"<<endl
					<<"Turn    "<<"Inductance (uH)"<<endl;

				cout<<setprecision(2);
					
				//display inductance at each turn
				for (i = 1; i <= pri_turns; i++)
					cout<<setw(2)<<i<<setw(10)<<pri_inductance[i]<<endl;
										
				cout<<endl<<"Press any key to continue."<<endl;
				Ch = getch();

				system("CLS");

				//display NST specs and calcs
				cout<<"Neon Sign Transformer Calculations:"<<endl
					<<"     Voltage:  "<<my_xfmr.kv<<"KV"<<endl
					<<"     Current:  "<<my_xfmr.ma<<"mA"<<endl
					<<"     Power:  "<<setprecision(0)<<my_xfmr.power<<"W"<<endl
					<<"     Matched Capacitor Value: "<<setprecision(4)<<my_xfmr.matched_cap<<"uF"<<endl<<endl
					<<"   Estimated spark length using your transformer if"<<endl
					<<"   your Tesla coil is nearly efficient using John"<<endl
					<<"   Freau's empirical arc length formula is"<<endl
					<<setprecision(1)<<"   "<<my_xfmr.arc_length<<" inches or "<<my_xfmr.arc_length / 12<<" feet."<<endl<<endl;
				
				//display toroid specs and calcs
				cout<<endl<<"Toroidal Discharge Terminal Calculations:"<<endl
					<<"     Inside diameter:  "<<toroid_dia - 2 * toroid_cord<<" in."<<endl
					<<"     Outside diameter:  "<<toroid_dia<<" in."<<endl
					<<"     Cord (cross-section):  "<<toroid_cord<<" in."<<endl
					<<"     Estimated Capacitance:  "<<toroid_cap<<" pF"<<endl<<endl;				
				
				cout<<"Press any key to continue."<<endl;
				Ch = getch();
				
				system("CLS");

				break;

			//save design
			case 7:
				system("CLS");
				
				cout<<"Enter the desired file name (ex: mydesign.dat): ";
				cin>>filename;
							
				//open file for output
				outfile.open(filename, ios::out);
				
				if (outfile)	//if there was no problem opening the file
				{
					outfile<<user_name<<endl;
					outfile<<my_xfmr.ma<<endl;
					outfile<<my_xfmr.kv<<endl;
					outfile<<my_xfmr.power<<endl;
					outfile<<my_xfmr.matched_cap<<endl;
					outfile<<my_xfmr.arc_length<<endl;
					outfile<<sec_length<<endl;
					outfile<<sec_diameter<<endl;
					outfile<<sec_wire_dia<<endl;
					outfile<<sec_turns<<endl;
					outfile<<sec_wire_length<<endl;
					outfile<<sec_frequency<<endl;
					outfile<<pri_sec_spacing<<endl;
					outfile<<pri_edge_to_edge<<endl;
					outfile<<pri_turns<<endl;
					outfile<<pri_wire_dia<<endl;
					outfile<<pri_wire_total<<endl;
					outfile<<tank_cap<<endl;
					outfile<<toroid_dia<<endl;
					outfile<<toroid_cord<<endl;
					outfile<<toroid_cap<<endl;
					
					outfile.close();	//close the file
					
					system("CLS");
				
				}
				
				else	//if there was an error opening the file
				{
					cout<<endl<<"There was an error opening the file."<<endl;
					
					cout<<"Press any key to conitnue.";
					Ch = getch();

					system("CLS");
				}

				
				break;

			//open design
			case 8:
line200: 
				
				system("CLS");
				
				cout<<"Enter the desired file name (ex: mydesign.dat): ";
				cin>>filename;
								
				//open file for input
				infile.open(filename, ios::in);
				
				if (infile)	//if there was no error in opening file
				{
					infile.get(user_name, 80);
					infile>>my_xfmr.ma;
					infile>>my_xfmr.kv;
					infile>>my_xfmr.power;
					infile>>my_xfmr.matched_cap;
					infile>>my_xfmr.arc_length;
					infile>>sec_length;
					infile>>sec_diameter;
					infile>>sec_wire_dia;
					infile>>sec_turns;
					infile>>sec_wire_length;
					infile>>sec_frequency;
					infile>>pri_sec_spacing;
					infile>>pri_edge_to_edge;
					infile>>pri_turns;
					infile>>pri_wire_dia;
					infile>>pri_wire_total;
					infile>>tank_cap;
					infile>>toroid_dia;
					infile>>toroid_cord;
					infile>>toroid_cap;

					//since the options have previously been selected, make it so
					sec = 1;
					pri = 1;
					tran = 1;
					tor = 1;
					cap = 1;
					
					//vectors are troublesome to store in files, so they are calculated
					//after the rest of the data has been read from the file
					pri_radius.resize(pri_turns + 1);
					pri_inductance.resize(pri_turns + 1);
										
					for(i = 1; i <= pri_turns; i++)
						pri_radius[i] = (i - 1) * pri_wire_dia + sec_diameter / 2 + pri_sec_spacing + (i - 1) * pri_edge_to_edge;
					
					for(i = 1; i<= pri_turns; i++)
					pri_inductance[i] = ( ((pri_radius[1] + pri_radius[i]) / 2) * ((pri_radius[1] + pri_radius[i]) / 2) *  i  *  i ) / (8 * ((pri_radius[1] + pri_radius[i]) / 2) + 11 * (pri_radius[i] - sec_diameter / 2 - pri_sec_spacing));
					
					infile.close();	//close the file
					
					system("CLS");
					
				}
				
				else	//if there was an error opening the file
				{
					cout<<endl<<"There was an error opening the file."<<endl;
					
					cout<<"Press any key to continue. \n";
					Ch = getch();
					
					system("CLS");
				}
				
				break;

			//end program
			case 9:
				system("CLS");
				return 0;	//quit the program
				
				break;
			
		}

	}while(1);
}

void display_menu(int design_done)
{
	//display the menu
	cout<<"Tesla Coil Designer - Main Menu"<<endl;
	cout<<endl<<"1 - High Voltage Transformer"<<endl;
	cout<<endl<<"2 - Secondary Coil"<<endl;
	cout<<endl<<"3 - Primary Coil"<<endl;
	cout<<endl<<"4 - Tank Circuit Capacitor"<<endl;
	cout<<endl<<"5 - Toroid Discharge Terminal"<<endl;
	if (design_done == 5)
		cout<<endl<<"6 - Display Results"<<endl;
	cout<<endl<<"7 - Save Design to File"<<endl;
	cout<<endl<<"8 - Open a previously saved design"<<endl;
	cout<<endl<<"9 - Terminate The Tesla Coil Designer"<<endl;
}

float toroid_capacitance(float dia, float cord)
{
	//calculate the capacitance of the toroid
	return( (1 + (0.2781 - cord / dia)) * 2.8 * sqrt(2 * PI * (dia - cord) * (cord / 2) / (4 * PI)));
}